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Convert Wide Data to Long Format

Source: R/data_utils.R
to_long.Rd

A highly intuitive wrapper around stats::reshape designed for psychological research. It converts data from wide format to long format by identifying within-subjects factors.

Usage

to_long(
  data,
  within = NULL,
  label = NULL,
  value = "Value",
  id = NULL,
  sort = FALSE
)

Arguments

data

A data frame in wide format.

within

The columns to gather into long format. Can be:

  • A character vector of column names.

  • A range string like "time1:time4".

  • A prefix string like "time" (matches all columns starting with "time").

  • A list of column-name vectors or range/prefix specifications to concatenate into one long value column.

  • Multiple range/prefix/name specifications when value has the same length.

label

The name for the new column that will contain the level names (e.g., "Time"). If NULL, it defaults to the prefix used in within or "Condition".

value

The name for the new column that will contain the measurement values. Can be a character vector for multiple measurement groups. Default is "Value".

id

The identifier columns that should be repeated for each row. If NULL (default), all columns NOT specified in within are treated as IDs.

sort

Logical; if TRUE, sort the output by id and the within label. If FALSE (default), preserve the original row order of data and the within-column order inside each row.

Value

A data frame in long format.